{"id":143,"date":"2015-06-12T13:52:44","date_gmt":"2015-06-12T12:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.naturaliter.cz\/magazin\/?p=143"},"modified":"2016-12-22T12:24:30","modified_gmt":"2016-12-22T11:24:30","slug":"usen-perlet-paua-nebo-take-abalone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.naturaliter.cz\/magazin\/usen-perlet-paua-nebo-take-abalone\/","title":{"rendered":"U\u0161e\u0148 – perle\u0165 paua nebo tak\u00e9 abalone"},"content":{"rendered":"

Abalone je anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro jedl\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u017ee z rodu Haliotidae<\/em>, \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev je u\u0161e\u0148, ve \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed se toto ozna\u010den\u00ed ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Setkat se m\u016f\u017eeme i s n\u00e1zvy mo\u0159sk\u00e9 u\u0161i, muttonfish nebo muttonshells\u201c v Austr\u00e1lii, \u201eormer\u201c ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, a \u201epaua\u201c na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Do Evropy se tyto mu\u0161le roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily a\u017e v novov\u011bku.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Schr\u00e1nky<\/a>
Lastury ze kter\u00fdch se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 perle\u0165 paua (abalone)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dnes jsou pl\u017ei prudukuj\u00edc\u00ed perle\u0165 paua nebo abalone kv\u016fli zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhynul\u00ed. Od poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed se proto za\u010dali p\u011bstovat um\u011ble v Japonsku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b a od poloviny 90. let se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed i v Austr\u00e1lii, Kanad\u011b a Irsku.<\/p>\n

Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed schr\u00e1nka pl\u017e\u016f je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00e1 a nev\u00fdrazn\u00e1, s n\u011bkolika otev\u0159en\u00fdmi d\u00fdchac\u00edmi p\u00f3ry v \u0159ad\u011b v bl\u00edzkosti vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho okraje lastury. Siln\u00e1 vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstva pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z perleti, kter\u00fd je u mnoha druh\u016f ve v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch duhov\u00fdch odst\u00ednech st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9, r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9, \u010derven\u00e9 a zelen\u00e9, \u010derven\u00e9 a\u017e tmav\u011b modr\u00e9, zelen\u00e9 a\u017e fialov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Schr\u00e1nky t\u011bchto pl\u017e\u016f se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b pod\u00e9l skalnat\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f, \u010dasto ve \u0161t\u011brbin\u00e1ch \u010di na bo\u010dn\u00ed stran\u011b kamen\u016f, ke kter\u00fdm jsou pevn\u011b p\u0159ichyceny, nej\u010dast\u011bji v m\u011blk\u00e9 vod\u011b mezip\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma a jen v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hloubk\u00e1ch. Jsou to b\u00fdlo\u017eravci a \u017eiv\u00ed se \u0159asami,\u00a0 zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pak ob\u0159\u00edmi chaluhami. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy se pohybuj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 nohy, kter\u00e1 je velmi svalnat\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148uje jim tak odol\u00e1vat siln\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edboji a mo\u0159sk\u00e9mu proud\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Komer\u010dn\u00ed kultivace <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Pl\u017ei z jejich\u017e schr\u00e1nek se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 perle\u0165, se za\u010dali p\u011bstovat na farm\u00e1ch v letech 1950 a\u017e 1960, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v Japonsku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b. Od roku 1990 je jejich p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed pro komer\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely st\u00e1le \u017e\u00e1dan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Hlavn\u00ed oblasti zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm jsou \u010c\u00edna, Tchaj-wan, Japonsko a Korea. Jsou ale p\u011bstov\u00e1ny i v Austr\u00e1lii, Kanad\u011b, Chile, Francii, Islandu, Irsku, Mexiku, Namibii, Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu, Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe, Thajsku, a ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1jem o tyto pl\u017ee za\u010dal vzr\u016fstat po mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdstav\u011b Panama-Pacifik v roce 1915. Jejich cena se brzy pot\u00e9 vy\u0161plhala do zna\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161ek, p\u0159itom do t\u00e9 doby byli pl\u017ei z rodu Haliotidae<\/em> jednou z hlavn\u00edch slo\u017eek potravy chud\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je rekrea\u010dn\u00ed sklize\u0148 mu\u0161l\u00ed abalone kontrolov\u00e1na a ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f omezov\u00e1na. Mu\u0161le mohou b\u00fdt sb\u00edr\u00e1ny jen bez pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00fdbavy a se speci\u00e1ln\u00edm povolen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Perle\u0165 abalone a paua ve \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed a designersk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Perle\u0165ov\u00e9<\/a>
Kor\u00e1lek s perlet\u00ed paua (abalone) v nab\u00eddce na\u0161eho obchodu<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 duhov\u00e9 perleti z vnit\u0159n\u00edho pl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b abalone se tradi\u010dn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b dekora\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, \u0161perk\u016f, a p\u0159i inkrustaci (ozdobn\u00e9m vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed) n\u00e1bytku a hudebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f. \u0160perky z perleti paua a abalone<\/a> jsou velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu a v Austr\u00e1lii, najdeme je ale po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch typ\u016f perel, (akoya, tahitsk\u00e9, orient\u00e1ln\u00ed), abalone perly nejsou trhu naprim\u00e1rn\u011b posuzov\u00e1ny podle kulatosti. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je sp\u00ed\u0161e intenzita barev (od temn\u011b kobaltov\u00e9 mod\u0159i, p\u0159es smaragdovou, purpurovou a r\u016f\u017eovou). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 perla je v tomto ohledu jedine\u010dn\u00fd origin\u00e1l.\u00a0 V l\u00e9\u010ditelstv\u00ed jsou paua vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9 jako prost\u0159edek pro l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed du\u0161e a emoc\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Abalone v gastronomii<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\"Schr\u00e1nky<\/a>
Schr\u00e1nky pl\u017e\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 perle\u0165 paua a abalone<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Maso u\u0161n\u00ed je obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za lah\u016fdku a je v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch konzumov\u00e1no v syrov\u00e9m stavu nebo va\u0159en\u00e9. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159etina zv\u00ed\u0159ete je po\u017eivateln\u00e1, t\u0159etina jsou vnit\u0159nosti, a t\u0159etinu tvo\u0159\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed schr\u00e1nka. Abalone je ji\u017e dlouho cenn\u00fd zdroj potravy pro lidi ve v\u0161ech oblastech sv\u011bta, kde je druh hojn\u00fd. Maso t\u011bchto m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161\u016f je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za pochoutku v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky (zejm\u00e9na Chile), ve Francii, na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu, v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii (zejm\u00e9na v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, Vietnamu, Japonska a Koreji). Stejn\u011b jako pol\u00e9vka ze \u017eralo\u010d\u00edch ploutv\u00ed, nebo pol\u00e9vka pta\u010d\u00ed hn\u00edzdo, jsou mu\u0161le pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za luxus a jsou tradi\u010dn\u011b vyhrazeny pro zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti, jako jsou svatby a jin\u00e9 oslavy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, dostupnost um\u011ble p\u011bstovan\u00fdch u\u0161n\u00ed umo\u017enila \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konzumaci t\u00e9to kdysi vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 pochoutky. V Japonsku se abalone v syrov\u00e9m stavu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v awabi sushi, nebo se pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed du\u0161en\u00e9 v s\u00f3jov\u00e9 om\u00e1\u010dce. Slan\u00e9 a fermentovan\u00e9 abalone vnit\u0159nosti jsou hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou tottsuru, t\u011b\u0161\u00edc\u00ed se velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm japonsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b Hon\u0161\u00fa. V Kalifornii se maso abalone pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako obloha na pizzu, restuje se s karamelizovan\u00fdm mangem nebo se op\u00e9k\u00e1 zprudka jako steak.<\/p>\n

Hrozba z\u00e1niku<\/strong><\/h2>\n

I p\u0159es regulaci sb\u011bru, jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pl\u017ei rodu Haliotidae<\/em> ohro\u017een\u00fdm druhem, kter\u00fdm hroz\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed v d\u016fsledku nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho rybolovu a okyselov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f vlivem oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho, kdy sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 pH naru\u0161uje jejich sko\u0159\u00e1pky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abalone je anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro jedl\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u017ee z rodu Haliotidae, \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev je u\u0161e\u0148, ve \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed se toto ozna\u010den\u00ed ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. Setkat se m\u016f\u017eeme i s n\u00e1zvy mo\u0159sk\u00e9 u\u0161i, muttonfish nebo muttonshells\u201c v Austr\u00e1lii, \u201eormer\u201c ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nU\u0161e\u0148 - perle\u0165 paua nebo tak\u00e9 abalone - Magaz\u00edn Naturaliter.cz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.naturaliter.cz\/magazin\/usen-perlet-paua-nebo-take-abalone\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"U\u0161e\u0148 - perle\u0165 paua nebo tak\u00e9 abalone - Magaz\u00edn Naturaliter.cz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abalone je anglick\u00fd n\u00e1zev pro jedl\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 pl\u017ee z rodu Haliotidae, \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1zev je u\u0161e\u0148, ve \u0161perka\u0159stv\u00ed se toto ozna\u010den\u00ed ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1. 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